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The photographs were not particularly useful as maps, but they did prove useful in understanding landscapes to make more accurate maps. This eventually led to very early forms of remote sensing where photographs were captured from balloons, kites and messenger pigeons. With travel becoming more frequent, the demand for compact and highly factual maps grew.ĭuring this time, more experimental methods of mapping were explored and photography (and its subsequent technology) was invented. This drove a need for travel amongst business people and the emerging middle class, who were now able to afford luxuries once only available to the affluent. Technological advancements during the industrial revolution increased trade and commerce between nations. ‍ Modern Period (post-Industrial Revolution)īetween around 17, the wave of the Industrial Revolution saw traditional hand-made methods of production shift to machine operated methods. These improvements included more defined measurement units and better calculations of the Earth’s circumference. The improvements were based on the knowledge and notes from explorers and scholars during their travels across the Muslim world. They followed the methods set earlier by Ptolomy, building on that foundation and further advancing the science of map making. While there weren’t many advancements in maps in Christian and Catholic societies, there were progressions to map making science in the Islamic world. These maps were not meant for navigation but more of an illustration to explain various principles. The map is circular and has Jerusalem at its centre, as well as the garden of Eden placed in a ring of fire at the top. Because of this, many of the maps drawn at the time were heavily decorated with religious motifs, such as angels and mythical creatures.Ī notable map from this area is the intricately drawn and coloured Hereford Mappa Mundi: the largest mediaeval map in existence. Much of the map makers at the time were based in places of worship, so much of the focus was on the religious aspect of things. In Europe, there were little scientific advancements in mapmaking during the Middle Ages.